铜元俗称铜板，是晚清民国时期铸行的新式货币。与古代流通使用的圆形方孔钱不同，铜元中间无孔，采用机器铸造，图文并茂。铜元的出现，标志着我国金属货币铸造工艺从传统的手工翻砂铸造进入了先进的机器化生产的新阶段。我国铜元诞生于清光绪二十六年（1900）。光绪末年新疆省也开铸铜元，“新省·光绪元宝”铜元是新疆最早的铜元。
Copper Yuan, commonly known as copper plate, is a new currency cast in the late Qing and Republic of China. Unlike the circular square hole money used in circulation in ancient times, there were no holes in the middle of the copper and Yuan Dynasty. It was made by machine with abundant pictures and texts. The appearance of copper coin marks that the metal money casting technology in our country has entered a new stage of advanced mechanized production from the traditional manual sand casting. China's Copper Yuan was born in the 26th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1900). At the end of Guangxu, Xinjiang Province also started to cast copper yuan. The copper yuan of "New Province, Guangxu Yuanbao" is the earliest copper yuan in Xinjiang.
晚清时期，因铜价上涨，铸钱无利可图，甚至亏损，各地铸钱局相继停铸铜钱，市面出现了“钱荒”现象。民间纷纷毁钱为铜，钱荒问题更加严重。市面流通货币不足，商品流通和社会经济活动受阻，商民俱困，危及国家税收和社会稳定，铸钱匮乏导致的货币危机，成为太平天国运动后满清政府统治面临的最大威胁。为缓解钱荒，光绪二十六年（1900）广东省仿香港铜辅币——铜仙式样，铸造圆形中间无孔的新式货币——铜元。铜元铸造精良，图案精美，外观整齐，使用方便，颇受商民欢迎，迅速代替铜钱流通于市面，全国各省竞相仿效。受内地影响，地处边陲的新疆省也不甘落后，积极跟进，以内地铜元为蓝本自铸铜元。
In the late Qing Dynasty, because of the rise in copper prices, there was no profit or even loss in casting money. The local money-making bureaus stopped casting copper money one after another, and there was a phenomenon of "money shortage" in the market. The problem of money shortage is more serious because the people destroy money for copper one after another. The lack of money in market circulation, the obstruction of commodity circulation and social and economic activities, the poverty of businessmen, the threat to national tax revenue and social stability, and the currency crisis caused by the lack of money-making have become the greatest threat to the rule of the Manchu and Qing governments after the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement. In order to alleviate the money shortage, Guangxu 26 (1900) Guangdong Province imitated the copper coin of Hong Kong - Tongxian style, casting a new round currency - Tongyuan, which has no holes in the middle. Copper yuan is well-cast, beautifully designed, neat in appearance and easy to use. It is very popular with businessmen. It quickly replaces copper money and circulates on the market. All provinces in the country are competing to follow suit. Affected by the mainland, Xinjiang Province, which is located in the border area, is unwilling to lag behind. It actively follows up with the mainland copper yuan as the blueprint for self-casting copper yuan.
新疆省开铸铜元的时间，史籍无载。《新疆图志》记载，光绪三十四年（1908）十二月，新疆藩司王树楠开铸面文“新疆通用·宣统元宝·当红钱十文”铜元。现今存世有“新省·光绪元宝”铜元，虽不见于史书记载，但从钱币面文看，其铸造时间无疑要早于“新疆通用·宣统元宝”铜元。学界一般认为，“新省·光绪元宝”铜元大约是在光绪三十三、三十四年（1907—1908）间，由新疆迪化（今乌鲁木齐）城外水磨沟机器局内设的银元局试铸的，是新疆最早铸造的机制铜元。
“新省·光绪元宝”铜元，红铜质地，直径28毫米。币正面珠圈内有“光绪元宝”四汉字，中心为一朵六瓣花饰；珠圈外上缘有汉文“新省”字样，左右两侧各有一五瓣花星，珠圈下缘镌汉文面值“市银一分五厘”六字。背面铸有蟠龙纹，龙身盘空向下，周身祥云环绕，底部有海水纹饰（见图）。“新省·光绪元宝”铜元正、背面均无维文，这在新疆钱币中是比较少见的。
The time of founding copper yuan in Xinjiang Province is not recorded in historical records. "Xinjiang Tuzhi" records that in December 1908, in Guangxu 34 years, Wang Shunan, Fansi County, Xinjiang, cast the face language "Xinjiang Universal, Xuantong Yuanbao, Danghongqian Shiwen" copper yuan. Nowadays, there are copper coins of "New Province, Guangxu Yuanbao" in the world. Although they are not recorded in the historical records, the coin's surface texts show that its casting time is undoubtedly earlier than that of "Xinjiang Universal Xuantong Yuanbao". Academic circles generally believe that the copper yuan of "New Province, Guangxu Yuanbao" was cast by the silver yuan Bureau set up by the Shuimogou Machinery Bureau outside Dihua (now Urumqi) in Xinjiang during the period of Guangxu 33 and 34 years (1907-1908), and it is the earliest copper yuan cast in Xinjiang. "Xin Province Guangxu Yuanbao" copper yuan, red copper texture, diameter 28 mm. There are four Chinese characters "Guangxu Yuanbao" in the front of the bead circle and six-petal flower ornaments in the center. On the outer edge of the bead circle, there are Chinese words "Xin province", with one or five flower stars on both sides. On the lower edge of the bead circle, there are six Chinese characters "market silver is one and five cents". On the back, the dragon body is cast with dragon pattern. The dragon body is hollow and downward, surrounded by auspicious clouds, and the bottom is decorated with sea water (see figure). There is no Uygur language on the front and back of the copper coin "New Province Guangxu Yuanbao", which is relatively rare in Xinjiang coins.
近代内地铜元一般与制钱挂钩，面值为“当制钱××文”。而“新省·光绪元宝”铜元较为特殊，它是一种与银两制度挂钩的铜元。现今所见，“新省·光绪元宝”铜元面值有两种，分别为“市银一分五厘”和“市银二分五厘”。先试铸的是“市银一分五厘”铜元，即每100枚抵湘平（晚清新疆通用湘平）白银1两5钱，每枚铜元折合红钱6文。在流通使用时，与银两、红钱换算不方便，不受商民欢迎。故不久又试铸“市银二分五厘”铜元，图案、文字、重量、直径都与“市银一分五厘”铜元相同，只是将“一分”改写为“二分”，每100枚抵湘平白银2两5钱，每枚铜元折合红钱10文，因比值过大，仍然不受欢迎。因此试铸一批后就停铸了，铸造数量不多，流通时间不长，如今存世实物已较难寻觅。“新省·光绪元宝”铜元铸造工艺不精，文字图案重影、位移、漏打等现象较为常见；铸币机器压力不足，图文印花较为浮浅，流通使用中容易磨损，故存世的实物图案文字大都模糊不清，图文清晰、品相完美的非常罕见。
“新省·光绪元宝”铜元是珍贵的新疆钱币，它见证了晚清新疆钱币铸造工艺近代化发展的历史，值得珍视，铸打优良，细节较为明晰，观之可人，具有相当高的收藏价值。
In modern times, the copper yuan in the mainland was generally linked to money-making, and its face value was "when making money * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * The "New Province Guangxu Yuanbao" copper yuan is more special, it is a kind of copper yuan linked with the silver system. Nowadays, as we can see, there are two kinds of copper denomination value of "Xin-province Guangxu Yuanbao". They are "one fifth of city silver" and "two fifth of city silver". The first trial-cast is the "City Silver One Five-centimeter" copper yuan, that is, every 100 pieces of silver to Xiangping (Late Qing Dynasty Xinjiang General Xiangping) silver 1,25 yuan, each copper yuan equivalent to six red money. When in circulation, it is inconvenient to convert with silver and red money, and it is not welcomed by businessmen. So soon we tried to cast the copper yuan of "two cents and five cents of city silver". The pattern, writing, weight and diameter are the same as that of "one cents and five cents of city silver". We just changed the "one cents" to "two cents". Every 100 silver arrives in Xiangping, two and five cents, and each copper yuan is equivalent to ten cents of red money. Because of the excessive ratio, it is still unwelcome. As a result, a batch of castings were stopped after trial casting. The number of castings was small and the circulation time was not long. Nowadays, it is difficult to find the living objects. "New Province Guangxu Yuanbao" copper coin casting process is not perfect, text pattern duplication, displacement, missed typing and other phenomena are more common; coin machine pressure is insufficient, graphic printing is shallow, easy to wear in circulation, the physical pattern of the past is mostly blurred, clear text, perfect product is very rare. "New Province, Guangxu Yuanbao" copper coin is a precious Xinjiang coin. It witnessed the history of the modern development of Xinjiang coin casting technology in the late Qing Dynasty. It is worth cherishing. It has good casting quality, clear details and a pleasant view. It has a very high collection value.
本文章由库恩国际拍卖行大陆深圳征集处Aissen先生撰写。
库恩国际拍卖行是近年来拍卖界的一匹黑马，成立30年就已经挤入全球十大拍卖行之一，并在法国，澳洲，意大利都设有办事处，在现如今行情低迷的拍卖市场，库恩国际始终保持着高成交率的成绩，犹如黑暗中的一盏明灯，始终给着众多藏家一份希望，一份憧憬。库恩国际拍卖行总裁大卫库恩在接受中新社记者专访时说，库恩国际上拍的藏品必须是经过严格的征集制度征集而来的，我们只要精品。2019年是库恩国际拍卖行进军亚洲香港的第一个年头，这次迎春拍的表现，既表明库恩国际拍卖行已跻身并稳居香港拍卖市场阵营，也将推动库恩国际拍卖行发展再上一个大台阶。库恩国际拍卖行2019年迎春拍称为“一场完美的拍卖会”，也将是库恩国际拍卖行一个新的里程碑”。
服务使品质完美，专业使艺术无暇——这就是库恩国际集团等企业精神，严格的藏品甄选制度，只求精不求多。这也促成了库恩国际高成交率的最重要原因之一。
选择库恩国际文化艺术中心的服务，我们将一如既往的为广大收藏爱好者提供更专业、更周全的收藏知识指导和收藏投资指引，伴随着我国收藏热第四次浪潮的到来，祝愿库恩国际艺术品拍卖行和广大藏家爱好者和藏品投资人共同成长。如果你有古玩精品想拍卖或者参加拍卖推荐会请咨询与库恩国际拍卖公司客服经理或授权征集点客服经理联络，洽谈市场趋势与托售事宜。
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